Border Theory
Borders are not permeable membranes that people pass through. They are themselves mobile processes designed to redirect, recirculate, and bifurcate social motion—not stop it.' (Nail, 2016, P.221)
Nail challenges the view of borders as static barriers between countries, arguing instead that borders are dynamic and transform independently of the nations they separate. He uses the analogy of cutting a piece of paper in half, observing that the cut itself does not resemble either of the resulting pieces. Border theory suggests that borders are active entities that can reflect the cultures and political issues of both countries, or existing as distinct phenomena. As Nail states, 'What remains problematic about border theory is that it is not strictly a territorial, political, juridical, or economic phenomenon but equally an aterritorial, apolitical, nonlegal, and noneconomic phenomenon at the same time.’ (Nial, 2016, P.2) By conceptualizing borders as ongoing processes and division is not a blockage but a redirection, Nail stresses their continual transformation. He contends that borders do not eliminate movement and culture but instead reorganize them, reinforcing mobility hierarchies that shape global inclusion and exclusion. As he notes, 'Borders are an essential part of how societies move.' (Ibid, 2016, P.222)
An article by Salzberg Local supports the claim that border theory is essential to the positive development of society and culture. It explains that Ellis Island, as a border between Mexico and the USA, reminded people that the United States was founded as a nation open to all, intending to create a culture representative of everyone. The article states, 'This represented a renewed identity of America that called on itself to become one melting pot.' (Garcia, 2024).
Arguments Against Border Theory:
Critics of border theory argue that Strict border enforcement can result in humanitarian challenges, such as restricted movement for refugees and the separation of families. Borders can only perpetuate inequality by granting certain groups access to resources and protections while excluding others. Scholars note that borders frequently fail to represent the realities of international cooperation, trade, and communication. That borders cannot move societies forward but only divide the people that surround it As Rosario asserts, 'It is a mistaken belief to assume that permeability and fluidity of borders equals more mobility and connection between nations and peoples.'(2015, p. 24)
The poem supports the idea in border theory that identity is dynamic by depicting a character who experiences a blend of multiple influences:
